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研究 数据对话:新型冠状病毒肺炎对消费者支出和地方经济的初步影响

On July 20, 2020 the JP摩根 追逐 研究所 hosted a Data Dialogue 讨论新型冠状病毒肺炎对消费者支出和当地经济的影响. 这次虚拟讨论包括来自华盛顿公平增长中心和机会洞察中心的专家, 谁站在使用数据跟踪新型冠状病毒肺炎经济影响的最前沿,并就如何支持当地社区度过危机向决策者提供建议.

Diana Farrell, President and CEO of the JPMC 研究所, 通过指出良好的地方政策决策是建立在城市和社区层面的细粒度数据和分析的基础上,开始了对话. Farrell cited recent JPMC 研究所 local commerce research, which shows that at the local level, 作为地方商业视角的一部分,该研究所追踪的所有城市的支出都有所下降, with the sharpest declines in San Francisco, 芝加哥, 纽约, and Detroit. Furthermore, 我们发现,有不成比例的低收入社区经历了支出的急剧下降.

Marvin Ward, the Local Commerce 研究 Lead at the JPMC 研究所, moderated the discussion, which focused on understanding the current consumer spending response, its impact on local economies, 微观数据对于宏观经济和基于地方的分析和政策的重要性.

Macroeconomic indicators

Claudia Sahm, 华盛顿公平增长中心宏观经济政策主任, 讨论了在经济衰退期间对跟踪至关重要的宏观经济指标. Sahm is the creator of the “Sahm Rule,该指标通过月度失业率来识别经济衰退开始的相关信号. When triggered, automatic relief payments could deploy to households. 萨姆讨论了迄今为止新型冠状病毒肺炎经济救援工作的进展情况, 他指出,政策制定者应该注意到,在人们重返工作岗位、企业企稳之前,美国将继续需要这种救济. 她说,微观层面的数据在这种宏观层面的分析中起着重要作用. 根据Sahm的说法,“微数据帮助经济学家在更接近人和企业的数据中站稳脚跟.”

影响 of local spending on unemployment and economic recovery

John Friedman, 布朗大学经济学、国际与公共事务教授,哈佛大学机会洞察(Opportunity Insights)创始人之一, 讨论了机会洞察的新型冠状病毒肺炎经济追踪器以及社区之间经济困难的差异. 针对新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行和经济危机的大部分联邦政策应对措施是《澳博体育app》, a $2.2 trillion economic stimulus package passed on March 27, 2020, which has provided healthcare and economic relief to businesses, organizations, and individuals. 弗里德曼说,联邦政府的政策反应在支持低收入家庭及其支出方面是有效的,但在宏观经济层面上未能充分刺激经济.

弗里德曼描述了高收入家庭是如何削减开支的, which impacts lower-income workers, 由于较富裕地区的低工资工作尤其依赖于面对面服务等部门的高收入支出. Future policies, 他说, 应该继续支持低收入家庭和小企业吗, especially in places where they’re hit the hardest. Sahm强调,对于那些在大流行之前一直遭受经济困难的社区来说,最好的办法是, particularly communities of color, is to help stem the damage now, 不像大衰退时期,弱势群体被抛在后面,遭受痛苦. 她指出,对社区的最佳行动方针也是对国家的最佳行动方针, 到目前为止,晚些时候振兴经济比现在减轻困难代价更大. Friedman also noted that businesses and institutions, including universities, should be prepared to keep additional savings on hand post-新型冠状病毒肺炎, to weather a future crisis and support community response efforts.

Public role in private data

萨姆和弗里德曼都讨论了以往经济衰退期间缺乏可获取数据的问题, comparing those periods to the current pandemic where high-frequency, granular data is more widely available. Sahm将大萧条时期的数据获取描述为“盲目飞行”,” and agreeing with this characterization, 弗里德曼补充说,即使在大衰退时期,研究人员也无法进行县级或高频分析. 从大萧条中走出的家庭和公司的国民收入统计数据的收集最终导致了联邦统计机构——经济分析局的成立, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Census Bureau. Private data can supplement federal datasets with more granularity, which can then be leveraged at the local level, allowing for an understanding of how outcomes differ place-to-place.

“In many policies or applications, 不要每个月只有一个数据点——每周都需要更细粒度的数据——这很有用, or even every day, 因为这是你计算政策影响和经济衰退影响的方法,” Friedman said. 私人数据应该用于分析,然后以公开的方式提供给各国, 州, or other officials can use them. 

For research to be actionable, it must be communicated effectively

小组成员讨论了通过有效沟通弥合学术和决策者之间的差距. “我们经常忘记,传达研究结果与首先进行研究同样重要,” Friedman said. This is especially important given the target audience; policymakers and officials are very busy, especially during the pandemic. Sahm强调,将研究成果有效地转化为可消化的内容需要时间和技能, top-line points for a non-academic audience. “For researchers to have impact,萨姆说。, “they have to know what the real world looks like for policymakers.”

我们感谢小组成员的专家见解和观点, 当我们在经济和公共卫生复苏的不确定道路上航行时,哪些是无价的. 

 

Marvin Ward

Marvin Ward
Local Commerce 研究 Lead
JP摩根 追逐 研究所

Marc Morial

Claudia Sahm
Director of Macroeconomic Policy
Washington Center for Equitable Growth

Jessica Fulton

John Friedman
Co-Director and Professor
Opportunity Insights, Harvard University, Brown University

 

This event is part of the 研究所’s “Data Dialogue” engagements, an ongoing series of conversations with leading experts, policymakers, 商业和非营利领导人将研究与当今重要的政策主题联系起来.